(All scripture from the World English Bible, ebible.org, all rights reserved)
“Now this is the history of the generations of the sons of Noah and of Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Sons were born to them after the flood. The sons of Japheth were: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. The sons of Gomer were: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. The sons of Javan were: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. Of these were the islands of the nations divided in their lands, everyone after his language, after their families, in their nations.”
(Genesis 10:1-5)
Noah had three sons before the Flood and none afterward. His three sons had no children before the Flood or during their time on the ark. Only AFTER the Flood did they procreate – mostly with their wives, except for Ham who raped his own mother (Genesis 9:20-27). All of humanity is descended from these three men.
Japheth had Gomer, believed by scholars to have fathered the Galatians. His son Magog fathered the Scythians and Tatars. Madai fathered the Medes or possibly the Persians. Javan was the son who is believed to have peopled a large part of Greece. Tarshish is believed to have settled Cilicia.
On Kittiam, opinions are divided. Some think the isle of Chios, others believe he fathered the Romans or perhaps the Macedonians.
Dodanim also has split opinions. Some think he founded Epirus, others the isle of Rhodes, and others a part of France (Rhone from the ancient Rhodanus or Rodanim.
The literal splitting off and travel would have been after the tower of Babel and the birth of other languages, because the Babel account mentions how people were sticking together instead of spreading as they were meant to (Genesis 11).
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